![]() The affinity of iron(III) for phenols is exploited in the Trinder spot test. ![]() Although superseded by spectroscopic methods, the ferric chloride test is a traditional colorimetric test. The affinity of iron(III) for oxygen ligands was the basis of qualitative tests for phenols. Other carboxylate sources, e.g., citrate and tartrate, bind as well to give carboxylate complexes. Thus, oxalate salts react rapidly with aqueous iron(III) chloride to give 3−, known as ferrioxalate. The rapidity of these reactions is consistent with the lability of the ferric ion, reflecting its typical high-spin electronic configuration. Reactions of iron(III) chlorides reflect the description of iron(III) as oxophilic and a hard Lewis acid. The reactivity of ferric chloride reveals two trends: It is a Lewis acid and an oxidizing agent. Similarly, dehydration can be done with trimethylsilyl chloride: FeCl 3♶H 2O + 12 (CH 3) 3SiCl → FeCl 3 + 6 ((CH 3) 3Si) 2O + 12 HCl Reactions Hydrated iron(III) chloride can be converted to the anhydrous form by treatment with thionyl chloride. Instead, the solid decomposes into hydrochloric acid and iron oxychloride. Heating hydrated iron(III) chloride does not yield anhydrous ferric chloride.
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